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Research Review Article 15 Jan 2014 The complex planetary synchronization structure of the solar system N. ScafettaActive Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor (ACRIM) Lab, Coronado, CA 92118, USA Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
Received: 12 Dec 2013 – Revised: 19 Dec 2013 – Accepted: 28 Dec 2013 – Published: 15 Jan 2014 Abstract. The complex planetary synchronization structure of the solar system,
which since Pythagoras of Samos (ca. 570–495 BC)
is known as the music of the spheres, is briefly reviewed
from the Renaissance up to contemporary research. Copernicus' heliocentric
model from 1543 suggested that the planets of our solar system form
a kind of mutually ordered and quasi-synchronized system. From 1596
to 1619 Kepler formulated preliminary mathematical relations of approximate
commensurabilities among the planets, which were later reformulated
in the Titius–Bode rule (1766–1772), which successfully predicted the
orbital position of Ceres and Uranus. Following the discovery of the
~ 11 yr sunspot cycle, in 1859 Wolf suggested that the observed
solar variability could be approximately synchronized with the orbital
movements of Venus, Earth, Jupiter and Saturn. Modern research has
further confirmed that (1) the planetary orbital periods can be approximately
deduced from a simple system of resonant frequencies; (2) the solar
system oscillates with a specific set of gravitational frequencies,
and many of them (e.g., within the range between 3 yr and 100 yr) can
be approximately constructed as harmonics of a base period of
~ 178.38 yr; and (3) solar and climate records are also characterized by planetary
harmonics from the monthly to the millennial timescales. This short
review concludes with an emphasis on the contribution of the author's
research on the empirical evidences and physical modeling of both
solar and climate variability based on astronomical harmonics. The
general conclusion is that the solar system works as a resonator characterized
by a specific harmonic planetary structure that also synchronizes
the Sun's activity and the Earth's climate. The special issue
Pattern in solar variability, their planetary origin and terrestrial impacts
(Mörner et al., 2013) further develops the ideas about the planetary–solar–terrestrial
interaction with the personal contribution of 10 authors.
Citation: Scafetta, N.: The complex planetary synchronization structure of the solar system, Pattern Recogn. Phys., 2, 1-19, doi:10.5194/prp-2-1-2014, 2014.
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